Reading

1. Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. 一出來到大街上，她就很快地朝她平常等的汽車站走去。

Once out in the street 相當于 Once she was out in the street 引導時間狀語從句。在從句主語與主句主語一致時，從句可省略主語。例如：

First aid, if (it is) properly done, can save a person’s life.

急救如果做得得法，能拯救人的性命。

I won’t go to the party unless (I am) invited.

除非邀請我，否則我不會參加這個聚會。

Once 可用作連詞，意思為：一… 就，一旦。例如：

Once (it is ) printed, this dictionary will be very popular.

一旦出版，這本詞典會非常暢銷。

Once he arrives we can start.

他一到我們就可以動身。

Once可用作副詞，意思為：一次；曾經(jīng)。例如：

I have done it once.

我曾做過一次。

"Attention please, I'll repeat the question once more."

請注意我把問題再重復一遍。

She once knew him.

她以前認識他。

It once seemed inconceivable to everyone that men should travel to the moon.

"人們一度認為,人飛上月球似乎是不可想象的。

2. ‘Sorry, Miss,’ replied the man, ‘the truth is that the fogs too thick for the bus to run that far. “抱歉，小姐”，這男人回答道，事實上是霧太大了，車不能開那么遠。

句中第一個that引導的是表語從句。例如：

The problem is that we have run out of money.

問題是我們錢已用完了。

The reason he did not come is that he was ill.

他沒來的原因是他病了。

第二個that (或this) 在此處等于so，意思是“那么”（或“這么”），修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：

There did not seem much point in working on my PhD--- I did not expect to survive that long.

取得博士學位對我來講沒有什么意義，我不指望活那么久。

Can hard work change a person that much?

艱辛會使人變化那么大嗎?

You see, a fog this bad is rare.

你聽我說，這么糟糕的霧很少見。

3. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.

當其他的乘客下車時，她瞥了一眼身邊的人。

While意思是“當…的時候”，表示持續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時性或短暫性的動作。when表示某個具體的時間，所引導從句的動作或是與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，或是先于主句動作，可指一段時間，也可指一點時間，既可表示一時性的動作，又可表示持續(xù)的動作。例如：

While/ When the meeting was going on, he entered the room.

正當開會的時候，他走進了房間。（指一段時間，表持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。）

When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.

她來的時候我會告訴她等你的。（指一點時間，表短暫性動作，不能用while）

While I was walking in the street, I heard someone call me from behind.

當我在街上走的時候，我聽到有人從后面叫我。（表一段時間）

=I was walking in the street when I heard someone call me from behind.

我正在街上走，這時，我忽然聽到有人從后面叫我。（表一點時間）

glance at 匆匆看一下，glance用作動詞，例如：

He glanced at his watch.

他匆匆看了一下手表。

glance可用作名詞，例如：

give/ take/ shoot/ throw a glance at 朝…匆匆看一下

He gave her a quick glance as she walked into the room.

當她走進房間時，他匆匆看了她一下。

4. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.

哪兒也看不到這個高個子男人了。

nowhere無處；任何地方都不。例如：

The missing wallet is nowhere to be found.

丟失的錢包任何地方都找不著。

Nowhere else could we find the missing wallet.

我們?nèi)魏纹渌�地方都找不到丟失的錢包。

to be found是動詞不定式的被動形式，在此作定語。通常不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，且動作的施動者不明確時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。例如：

The meeting to be held is of great importance.

明天要開的會很重要。

These are the books to be distributed among the students.

這些是要發(fā)給學生的書。

5. As she walked along, she heard the sound of footsteps, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.

當她往前走的時候，她聽到了腳步聲，但是，等她走到十字路口的時候，腳步聲就不見了。

句中as 的意思是“當…的時候”，相當于when。gone 在此是形容詞，在句中作表語，意思是“不見了”。

gone 離去的，死去的，用光的(no longer present or no longer exist)。例如：

He turned the corner and was gone.

他在拐角處轉了彎就不見了。

The days are gone when women worked for half pay.

婦女工作只拿男人一半工資的日子一去不復返了。

6. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still.

現(xiàn)在她想跑，但是恐懼使她站著不動了。

hold 在句中的意思是“使身體保持某種姿勢”（put or keep part of body in a certain position）。例如：

The dog held its tail between its legs.

狗把尾巴夾在兩腿之間。

Can the baby hold herself up yet?

寶寶能自己站立了嗎?

7. Polly found herself staring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm.

波利意識到自己正抬頭盯著一個男人，他站著，把手放在她的手臂上。

find oneself doing意識到自己不自覺在干某事。

find oneself in/at 意識到自己不自覺地處于某種（不好的）處境中。例如：

Peter, who was usually shy, found himself talking to the girls.

彼得，平時很害羞的他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟和這幫女孩搭起話來了。

If you find yourself worrying about things, call me.

如果你覺著自己老是擔心就打電話給我。

After wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel.

四處徘徊后，我們竟然回到了旅館。

Finding herself in the mire, Mary had to give up her adventure.

發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入困境后，瑪麗不得不放棄她的冒險活動。

standing with his hand resting on her arm現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾a man。例如：

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken by the noise of jet planes passing overhead.

因為飛在上空的噴氣式飛機的噪音的影響，靠近機場的房子有時候窗子會被震破。

The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.

站在那兒的男孩是我的同班同學。

句中with his hand resting on her arm是屬于with + n. + 現(xiàn)在分詞，分詞作賓語補足語。作該句式的賓語補足語除了現(xiàn)在分詞外，還可是過去分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式和介詞短語。例如：

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. （現(xiàn)在分詞）

有這老人帶路，這兩人朝山上出發(fā)。

The child was crying with the cup broken. （現(xiàn)在分詞）

因為杯子破了，小孩在哭。

He often sleeps with the window open. （形容詞）

他經(jīng)常開著窗子睡覺。

The building looks even more beautiful with all lights on. （副詞）

這棟樓所有燈亮著時看起來更漂亮了。

With the boy to help us, we will soon find the place. （不定式）

有這個男孩幫我們，我們很快就會找到那地方。

The guard stood there with a gun in his hand. （介詞短語）

警衛(wèi)手里拿著槍站在那兒。

rest on 被擱在, 停留在, 信賴。例如：

Her hand rested lightly on his shoulder.

她的手輕輕搭在他的肩膀上。

The bridge rests on stone arches.

這座橋靠石拱支持。

His eyes rested on the peaceful valley below.

他的雙眼凝視著下面的山谷。

8. The face that she saw was that of an old man.

她看到的是一張老年人的臉。

第二個that在句中用作代詞，指代the face。that既可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，也可指代可數(shù)名詞，其復數(shù)形式是those。例如：

The effect teachers have on children are greater than that of parents.

老師對孩子的影響比家長對孩子的影響大。（that指代不可數(shù)名詞）

The book I bought yesterday is more interesting than that he has.

我昨天買的書比他有的有趣得多。（that指代可數(shù)名詞）

The most powerful words that sell are those that refer to the costs.

能促進銷售的最有力的話是那些涉及成本的語言。

it與that的區(qū)別：

it指的是同一個事物，即同名同物，that所指代的名詞和前面提到的名詞是同一類，即同名異物。例如：

I like the car, but I have no money to buy it.

我喜歡那輛小轎車，但是我沒錢買它。（it指的是 the car，指的是同一輛車）

The car I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has.

我想買的車要比他的車漂亮得多。（that指的是the car，不是the car I want to buy）

one與 that 的區(qū)別：

雖然one與that都可以指代前面同名異物的名詞，但one指的是同類中的一個，屬于泛指，相當于a/ an + 名詞，而that屬于特指，相當于the + 名詞。One的復數(shù)形式是ones, that的復數(shù)形式是those例如：

Do you need my pen? No, thanks, I have got one. (one=a pen)

你要用我的筆嗎？不，我有一支。

The bridge built of steel is stronger than that built of stone. (that= the bridge built of stone)

那座鐵橋要比那座石橋牢固得多。

There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the rotten ones.

籃子里有很多蘋果，請把那些爛的撿出來。

9. Watch out for the step here.

當心這的臺階。

watch out for 戒備, 提防, 密切注意。例如：

Watch out for a tall man in a black hat.

密切注視一個戴黑帽的高個子男人。

You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.

你要小心這一帶快速行駛的車輛。

二．隨堂過關

1．I don’t think Jack is ______ foolish. He is really a clever boy.

A. quite B. fairly C. that D. rather

2．Few pleasures can equal _________ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some B. any C. that D. those

3．The names of the guests _______ are all listed on the piece of paper.

A. to invite B. inviting C. to be invited D. to be inviting

4．She had said little so far, responding only briefly when _____.

A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to

5．These computers with some new programs _______ for home use are very popular.

A. design B. to design C. designing D. designed

閱讀延伸

用所給單詞的正確形式填空。

rough, opposite, sense, sight, talent,

tell, farsighted, image, evolve, correct

Our senses are the way we find out about the world we live in. We learn with our senses. We see with our eyes, and 1 tells us about things that are outside of our bodies. Our eyes give us pictures, or 2 , of the way things look. You can see to read, to tell where you're going, to play games or to find your friends. Your eyes show you light, color, shape, and size. Your eyes can help you decide how far something is.

Some people cannot see things as well as other people. Young people can usually see better than older people. When they have trouble seeing things that are close but can see things that are far away easily, they are called 3 . When the 4 happens, and they can't see things that are far away but can see things that are near, they are called nearsighted. Wearing glasses helps 5 seeing problems.

Human beings have a very weak sense of smell. As people 6 and began to use reason more, they didn't need to smell things quite as well as other animals did. After 7 a particular smell for a while, your sense of smell gets tired. When you first come into the house, you can smell dinner cooking, but after that your olfactory nerves get overtired and then you don't smell anything at all. Some people develop their sense of smell for a special use. A perfume maker can 8 all the different flowers from each other by their different smells. A wine maker has the same 9 for telling wines from each other by their smell.

The sense of touch is also very important. We use it in several ways. Since our skin covers all of the body, our skin protects us, and at the same time it gives us information about what is around and outside your body. When we touch something our skin tells us if that thing is strange or familiar, wet or dry, hot or cold, 10 or smooth, hard or soft. Many times it gives us messages about all of these things -all at the same time. The skin protects our body in another way - it keeps out harmful organisms that cause disease and infection.

答案

1-5 CCCBD

閱讀延伸

1.sight 2. images 3. farsighted 4. opposite 5. correct

6. evolved 7. sensing 8. tell 9. talent 10. rough