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初中英語句子成分知識(shí)
英語(English)，屬于印歐語系中日耳曼語族下的西日耳曼語支，是由古代從丹麥等斯堪的納維亞半島以及德國、荷蘭及周邊移民至不列顛群島的盎格魯、撒克遜和朱特部落的日耳曼人所說的語言演變而來，并通過英國的殖民活動(dòng)傳播到了世界各地。下面是小編為你帶來的初中英語句子成分知識(shí) ，歡迎閱讀。
1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：
The car is running fast.(名詞)
We are students.(代詞)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數(shù)詞)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。
2.謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。如：
He works in a factory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
I felt cold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語)
How can I get to the station?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
Do you speak English?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
They are working in a field.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
3.賓語：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：
He is doing his homework.(名詞)
They did nothing this morning.(代詞)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】①有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(間賓+直賓)
直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓+間賓)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓+間賓)
�、谟械膭�(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
�、塾械膭�(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。
a)forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)
I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)
b)stop to do(不定式為狀語)表示“停下
原來的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來與他談話。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進(jìn)來時(shí)學(xué)生們停止談話。)
4.定語：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容詞)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
There are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)詞)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)
【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。
5.狀語：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副詞)
I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)
【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：
They are workers.(名詞)
Two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)
The story is very interesting.(形容詞)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)
She is at home.(介詞短語)
I feel terrible.(形容詞)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)
7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：
We elected him monitor.(名詞)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語)
He is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
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